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MAGNEGAS REFINERIES
The Magnegas Technology has received several certifications of performance
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For pictures of the latest PlasmaArcThrough Recyclers with vertical or
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
MagneGas Corporation produces equipment of various sizes and power, known as MagneGas Refineries or Total Recyclers, converting selected liquid feedstock (such as crude oil) or liquid wastes (such as cooking oil waste, antifreeze waste, olive oil waste, whey from cheese production, etc.) into the MagneGas fuel via a gasification process based on a submerged electric arc known as PlasmaArcFlowTM (patented and international patent pending). The Refineries operate in the so-called "Total Mode" consisting in the recirculation of the liquid waste through the arc until completely eliminated and converted into 1) MagneGas for all fuel usages; 2) Heat acquired by the liquid feedstock usable in various forms; and 3) Carbonaceous residue used in various applications.
The refineries can produce on demand a variety of clean burning fuels, including MagneGas, Hydrogen, and other fuels. Due to the high efficiency of the Total PlasmaArcFlow Mode, produced fuels are cost competitive under the proper selection of the liquid feedstock, the recovery of the heat produced and/or the use of renewable sources of electricity such as solar or wind. Refineries are produced in two versions:
1) MagneGas Mobile Refineries mounted on trailers to produce fuel when and where desired with evident financial advantages such as elimination of fuel transportation and storage with related costs. In addition to other consumer, industrial and military applications, these refineries are ideally suited to turn car dealers and gasoline stations into fuel producers, thus having the a great marketing potential; and
2) MagneGas Industrial Refineries that are floor mounted for large industrial operation.
MagneGas Refineries are primarily intended for producing fuel, thus requiring the minimum possible volume of liquid waste, as it is the case for refining petroleum into gasoline (the recycling of large volumes of liquid waste requires PlasmaArcFlow Recyclers. Note that MagneGas Refineries do not produce electricity as presented in this web site, but use electricity in an efficient way to recycler liquid waste while producing heat and a clean burning gas.
MagneGas Corporation produces various MagneGas Refineries operating in the so-called Total Mode for the complete conversion of selected or liquid feedstock into: 1) MagneGas for any needed fuel usage; 2) Heat usable with a heat exchanger in various forms; and 3) Carbonaceous residues used for the production of electrodes or other uses
All operations are completely sealed without releasing in the environment any gaseous, liquid or solid substance. Consequently, operations do not produce appreciable odor. Additionally, the noise produced is only that of the AC-DC converter and of the pumps. Consequently, operations do not produce appreciable noise.
Operations are automatic with electronic controls of all functions and automatic arrest in case of malfunctions, including automatic arrests for temperature, pressure, flow and other malfunctions.
The primary purpose of the MagneGas Refineries operating in the Total Mode is to maximize the production of the fuel while minimizing the recycling of the liquid feedstock as it is the case for crude oil. The need for the recycling of large volumes of liquid waste requires different equipment called PlasmaArcFlow Recyclers.
The Total Mode is recommendable for liquids that cannot be even partially processed into environmentally acceptable forms and, therefore, have to be totally eliminated. Typical examples are liquid feedstock such as crude oil, or liquid waste currently incinerated with high costs and unsatisfactory environmental results.
It should be stressed that liquid wastes with large chemical differences generally require different Refineries with consequentially different costs. For instance, liquid wastes very rich in carbon, such as heavy oils, produce under the electric arc carbon deposits known as fullerenes that have to be removed from the arc vessel via special components that are absent in Refineries processing liquid waste with comparatively less carbon content. Consult the Technical Department of MagneGas Corporation for details.
MagneGas Refineries have a high efficiency because their main source of energy is the new combustion of carbon in the plasma surrounding the electric arc, which combustion occurs even when processing water since in that case the carbon is provided by the electrodes. In fact, in the plasma surrounding the arc we have the same esoenergetic chemical reactions as when burning coal in a boiler (the production of CO), plus other energy releasing reactions (such as the production of H2). The new patented carbon combustion is also cleaner than the conventional one because it is submerged within the liquid feedstock trapping contaminants that would otherwise be released in the environment.
As a result, the energy released by the carbon combustion is about 20 times the electric energy used by the arc (whose electric resistance when closed is a fraction of one Ohm). The "Scientific Efficiency" of MagnegGas Refineries is defined as the ratio between the total energy out (heat energy in MagneGas and heat energy acquired by the liquid feedstock) and the total energy in (electric energy plus energy from carbon combustion), which Scientific Efficiency is always smaller than one due to the known law on the conservation of the energy. However, the "Commercial Efficiency" defined as the ratio between the total energy out and the electric energy in, is bigger than one.
This high Commercial Efficiency is basic for cost competitiveness of the various fuels produced by MagneGas Refineries. As an illustration, MagneGas contains about 60% of hydrogen in a mixture with other gases. Therefore, hydrogen can be produced from MagneGas via simple and inexpensive means, such as molecular separation. By comparison, hydrogen is currently produced from the reformation of methane CH4 or electrolytic separation of water H2, which processes require large amounts of energy for the separation of said molecules. It is then evident that the production of hydrogen from MagneGas is less expensive than conventional methods, not to mention distinct environmental advantages.
The above, already large efficiency of MagneGas Refineries can be improved depending on available investments, all the way to turning the Refinery into a renewable fuel production, as follows: 1) The heat acquired by the liquid feedstock can be converted into part of the used electricity via available heat recovery equipment; 2) Additional heat for conversion to electricity can be obtained by the catalytic liquefaction of MagneGas; and 3) Completely renewable operations can be achieved via the use of electricity of wind or solar origin.
The main components of MagneGas Refineries are the following:
CONTROL PANELS for the automatic control of all operations;
PLASMA-ARC-FLOW MODULE: for the gasification of the liquid feedstock via a submerged electric arc, that includes a pump for the continuous recirculation of the liquid through the arc, various strainers, and means for the replacement of the electrodes;
REFILL STATION for the automatic refilling of the liquid feedstock;
COOLING STATION: for the cooling of the liquid feedstock via its continuous passage through a heat exchanger (shell and tube) that transfer the heat to a coolant. The heat can then be either dissipated, or used for conventional heating or for conversion to electricity;
MAGNEGAS STATION for the completely automatic filtering, de-humidification and compression of magnegas up to 5,000 psi (333 bars), or for direct use in electric generation.
The cost of MagneGas can be computed as the ratio between the total operating costs per hour and the total number of standard cubic feet (scf) of Magnegas produced, less the income from the recovery of the produced heat and the income from the recycling of the liquid waste. About 70% of the operating costs are given by the cost of electricity. Therefore, the conversion of the produced heat into electricity reduces significantly the cost of MagneGas. Additional major reductions in cost are given by increasing power and production volumes, the understanding being that only one million watts MagneGas Refinery or bigger can be compared with a large oil refinery.
3. 50 KW MAGNEGAS MOBILE REFINERY
MagneGas Corporation produces a 50 Kw MagneGas Mobile Refinery with the following main characteristics:
MAGNEGAS PRODUCTION: When operating at 100 psi pressure (22 bars) and 180o F (80o C) for processing oil-base liquid waste, the 50 Kw Refinery produces up to 500 scf of MagneGas per hour (1,500 L/h) or about 60,000 scf per 7 days week (1.6 million L/7 days week) corresponding to about 3.5 gasoline gallon equivalent per hour (13 gasoline liters equivalent per hour) or about 400 gasoline gallon equivalent per week (or about 2,000 gasoline liters equivalent per seven days week). When operating with carbon poor liquid feedstock, such as water base liquid wastes, at low pressure and temperature, the fuel production is significantly reduced.
VOLUME OF LIQUID RECYCLED: By recalling that the transition from liquid to gas is one unit volume of liquid being converted to a minimum of 1,000 same volume of gas, the production of 500 scf/h (1,500 L/h)of MagneGas is done with the use of 0.5 scf of liquid feedstock corresponding to about 4 g/h (15 L/h), or about 600 g/week (5,000 L/week), thus illustrating the main goal of minimizing the use of liquid feedstock while maximizing the production of the fuel.
ENERGY EFFICIENCY: Under the use of 50 Kwh corresponding to about 150,000 BTUh, the Refinery produces about 500 scf x 900 BTU/sci = 450,000 BTUh of energy contained in the fuel plus about 150,000 BTUh of heat acquired by the liquid feedstock, for a total of about 600,000 BTUh. The excess energy of 450,000 BTUh originates from the carbon combustion indicated above.
REFINERY COST: There is no possibility of providing an accurate cost of the 50 Kw MgneGas Mobile Refinery without the identification of the liquid intended for gasification. This is due to the fact that major chemical differences in liquid feedstock may require dramatic differences in equipment and costs.
4. 100 KW MAGNEGAS MOBILE REFINERY
MagneGas Corporation produces a 100 Kw MagneGas Mobile refinery with the following main characteristics
MAGNEGAS PRODUCTION: When operating at 100 psi pressure (22 bars) and 180o F (80o C) for processing oil-base liquid waste, the 100 Kw Refinery produces up to 1,000 scf of MagneGas per hour (3,000 L/h) or about 120,000 scf per 7 day week (3.2 million L per 7 days week) corresponding to about 7 gasoline gallon equivalent per hour (26 gasoline liters equivalent per hour) or about 800 gasoline gallon equivalent per week (or about 4,000 gasoline liters equivalent per seven days week). When operating with carbon poor liquid feedstock, such as water base wastes, at low pressure and temperature, the fuel production is significantly reduced.
LIQUID RECYCLED: about 1/1000 of MagneGas produced corresponding to about 1 scf/h 10 g/h ( 3.8 L/h). The volume of liquid recycled can increase when operating the Refinery over the boiling temperature due to evaporation.
COST: to be provided on request to qualified buyers following the identification of the selected liquid waste.
5. INDUSTRIAL MAGNEGAS REFINERIES
MagneGas Corporation can also build industrial floor mounted MagneGas refineries up to 500 Kw power for the production of up to 6,000 gasoline gallons equivalent per seven days week (5,000,000 gasoline liters equivalent per 7 days week). For details, qualified customers should contact magnegasinfo@gmail.com.
Last Revised: July 14th, 2009
Copyright �
2007 Magnegas Corporation,
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